Types of hedge funds: Here is a list of the most common strategies, with definitions.
Convertible arbitrage : Involves buying convertible bonds and selling short the underlying common stock. Some degree of leverage is normally used.
Distressed securities : Strategy attempts to identity securities of companies that are under pressure due to a particular event, such as a bankruptcy or corporate reorganization.
Emerging markets : Looks to invest in securities of companies or the sovereign debt of developing countries.
Long/short equity : Involves holding a portfolio of long and short stock positions. Strategy could involve a market-neutral approach (equity market neutral) where short positions offset long positions in like sectors. Many long/short programs are net long (equity-hedge) while attempting to offset long exposure and some (equity non-hedge) are making a directional bet on the market with short positions. The latter group includes commodity-trading advisors (CTA) applying trend-following principles to equities.
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